The structure of human skin is important information not only for biologists or dermatologists. From the point of view of cosmetology, knowledge in this area helps to overcome age-related changes in the skin, eliminate existing problems and provide the skin with proper care. The structure of facial skin in cosmetology can be called the determining factor in the creation of all miraculous “elixirs” of beauty.
The structure of facial skin in cosmetology
Facial skin structure
Cosmetic procedures aimed at preventing premature aging of the skin primarily take into account its structure. The skin consists of three main layers:
Epidermis
The thickness of the epidermis of the skin varies from 0.03 to 1.5 mm, which includes its five constituent layers - basal, spinous, granular, shiny and horny. Cosmetologists claim that natural face masks, beloved by many women, primarily saturate the upper epithelium, without reaching the deeper layers.
Dermis
The dermis - the skin itself - consists of papillary and reticular layers. There is no clear boundary between them, but it is the latter that is interesting from the point of view of cosmetology. Elastic and collagen fibers are located here, responsible for skin turgor, and sebaceous glands determine the degree of oil content.
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous fat is the last, deep layer of the skin, directly affecting the aesthetic appearance of the skin. Cosmetologists call the hypodermis a store of energy, vitamins and nutrients. Withered skin with obvious signs of vitamin deficiency indicates that cosmetic procedures should be aimed specifically at restoring subcutaneous fat.
Injection techniques - beauty injections
Anti-aging procedures are successfully carried out by injection, and their effect is longer and more stable. Most often they are used in cases where non-invasive methods of exposure are ineffective.
Botox
By using Botox injections, it is possible not only to remove wrinkles, but also to stop what is called age-related changes in the facial contour. Just a couple of injections will help remove sagging eyelids and tidy up your cheeks and chin. The drug used is botulinum toxin, which, as is known, in certain doses is very dangerous and causes a serious disease - botulism.
However, this toxin was successfully “tamed” by doctors and was initially used to treat muscle spasms and convulsive conditions. It was then that its side effect, smoothing out facial wrinkles, was noticed. Since then, it has been actively used in cosmetology as one of the most effective methods of skin rejuvenation.
Botox has been used successfully and safely for over thirty years, and can be used as early as age 25. With its help, wrinkles that appear on the forehead, around the eyes, in the folds between the eyebrows and in the nasolabial triangle are permanently removed. Injections eliminate spider veins, improve the contours of the eyebrows and lift the drooping corners of the mouth. The effect becomes noticeable already in the second week after administration of the drug. In the first year, it is recommended to carry them out once every four months, and subsequently the frequency of procedures is reduced to twice a year.
After the procedure, you should do a number of simple exercises: firstly, stay in a vertical position for four hours (do not lie down), and also intensively work with your facial muscles. This will allow the drug to be evenly distributed under the skin. Massage is strictly contraindicated.
Mesotherapy
It is considered one of the effective ways to combat aging. The essence of the procedure: special cocktails are injected under the skin, the composition of which is selected individually. In one session, a large number of injections are performed using very thin needles, and the drug is administered in portions. To get a visible and lasting result, you will need a course consisting of at least four, maximum ten sessions.
Mesotherapy allows you to get rid of unsightly scars, scars and age spots. It also smooths out wrinkles, moisturizes dry skin, stopping the process of aging. Not only hyaluronic acid is used as a product: injection complexes include vitamins and extracts of beneficial plants. The effect lasts about six months, and after the sessions you should adhere to a number of certain rules to avoid unpleasant complications.
For those who for some reason are afraid of injections, there is an alternative in the form of non-injection mesotherapy, but in this case a longer course will be required.
Biorevitalization
With all the available methods that allow you to rejuvenate the skin in a short time, one cannot fail to mention biorevitalization. It is difficult to imagine the best procedures without its use, and it rightfully occupies its rightful place in all professional cosmetology salons.
This word can be translated as “return to life.” Basically, hyaluronic acid is also used here: it removes wrinkles, moisturizes the skin, and makes it elastic. The procedure is also suitable for other parts of the body: it eliminates ptosis, removes unnecessary folds, and increases turgor. Its undoubted advantage is that the result is visible almost instantly and lasts from four to eight months.
Cosmetologists usually recommend a course of three to five sessions, followed by maintenance procedures, the number of which is determined by the cosmetologist.
In addition to the well-known hyaluronic acid, biorevitalization is also carried out using laser phoresis, which implies non-injection intervention and the fastest possible recovery process.
Contour plastic
Procedures for tightening the oval face include contouring. It uses fillers - substances injected, which fills the formed subcutaneous cavities.
The main component is the same “hyaluronic acid”. Thanks to it, a long-lasting visual effect is ensured: most of the wrinkles and folds are eliminated, and the face receives the necessary volume where it is lacking. Contour plastic surgery also allows you to correct the face if there is asymmetry.
Gel with hyaluronic acid can have different consistency: more or less dense, depending on which area is being corrected. The results last for a long time, from six months, and after the procedure a rehabilitation period of 1-2 months is required.
Plasmolifting, plasma therapy - prp therapy
The facelift effect can be achieved by lifting, which is based on the patient’s biological material. In this case, natural blood plasma is used, which is first taken from a person and then subjected to the necessary processing. This ensures the launch of the body’s internal resources during the administration of the drug, and the effect is so pronounced that plasma lifting is rightfully called a real breakthrough in the field of non-surgical rejuvenation techniques.
First, blood is taken from the patient, then it is placed in a special apparatus, where it is intensively saturated with platelets. This updated composition promotes the activation of connective tissue cells and increases the level of production of elastin, collagen and natural “hyaluronic acid”. The skin is nourished, self-renewed and intensively restored. After the procedure, a person immediately begins to look much younger than his age, and the result lasts for six months.
The procedure helps get rid of early wrinkles and sagging skin in many places, moisturizes the epidermis, restores elasticity and helps get rid of folds that often appear after severe weight loss.
Sprs therapy
This rejuvenation procedure is also carried out by injection. It is performed using the patient's own cells, called fibroblasts. In the natural environment of the body, fibroblasts are a powerful type of cell that helps activate the production of the “three pillars” of youth: hyaluronic acid, elastin and collagen. It is these cells that constantly renew and restore our entire extracellular matrix. The youthfulness of the skin directly depends on how many active and healthy fibroblasts are in it, capable of dividing and developing.
The collection of biomaterial is carried out simply: a piece of skin is taken from the patient’s ear, and then fibroblasts are isolated from it in a standard laboratory. After the first stage, the material in the test tube is moved to more complex laboratory conditions. Cells are selected and cultured so that only the most active ones remain in the material. The final stage of preparing valuable biomaterial is to gradually increase the cells to the required quantity, after which they are completely ready for use.
A cultured solution containing fibroblasts is injected into the skin using mesotherapy needles. Most often, the entire face is treated, following the required sequence.
The procedure shows a lasting overall effect, but in the presence of deep ptosis it is ineffective. It should also not be used if a major lift is required. Other manipulations, as a rule, help to correct the oval of the face and eliminate severe sagging tissue.
Ozone therapy
Ozone therapy will help tighten your face a little and improve its appearance. Ozone gas is injected under the skin, which improves blood circulation in the capillaries and stimulates the production of elastin and collagen. The procedure is especially indicated in the presence of scars, stretch marks, hair loss and age spots. If a person’s face becomes very red due to sudden changes in temperature or emotional stress, this unpleasant phenomenon can be eliminated with the help of several sessions of ozone therapy. After manipulation, the skin looks smooth, well-groomed and healthy, and dryness disappears completely.
There are many types of ozone therapy, but the most popular of them in cosmetology is local. A gas mixture (ozone and oxygen) is introduced by injection, and the tissues begin to recover at an accelerated pace. In this way, you can quickly cure acne and other types of acne, smooth out fine wrinkles, increase skin elasticity and remove pimples.
What is a skin cell made of?
Cytology - the science of cellular structure - is a complex science, the knowledge of which is also important in the cosmetology industry. The basis of each layer of the skin is considered a cell; the physiological and metabolic processes of these layers depend on its proper functioning.
Any skin cell includes:
- Ribosomes;
- Lysosomes;
- Cell membrane;
- Cytoplasm;
- Centrosome with centrioles;
- Vacuoles;
- Mitochondria;
- Core.
Human skin undergoes a constant process of regeneration - the death of old cells and their replacement with new ones. This takes about 2-3 weeks, but with age the process slows down almost by half. Cosmetology is developing all kinds of low-molecular composition products that penetrate the germinal layer and stimulate the appearance of new cells.
Hyaluronic acid fillers
Procedures for introducing gel based on hyaluronic acid have not lost their relevance for several decades. The drugs are based on a substance that is synthesized by our body, so fillers are perceived quite well. Their role is to enable the modeling of certain facial features. For example, by filling skin creases with filler, it is possible to smooth out wrinkles; by injecting the drug into the cheekbone area, you can make them more pronounced and high. The drug can also be administered to model the nose, chin, and lips.
Hyaluronic acid is safe because the gel is eliminated naturally after some time. This does not happen immediately, but gradually and most evenly.
Functions, properties and nutrition of the skin
The skin of the face, like the rest of the human skin, performs many physiological functions:
Barrier (protective) function
The skin is a kind of shield from the negative effects of the external environment and prevents the penetration of dangerous microorganisms inside. With a decrease in the protective function, an infection can easily penetrate the skin, and weather conditions will not have the best effect on its condition. Many cosmetics have antioxidant properties and save the skin from free radicals.
Temperature regulation
The thermal conductivity of the skin is quite low, and a decrease in temperature below 18˚ or an increase above 25˚ will certainly affect the condition of the skin. Many cosmetic products are aimed at maintaining the thermoregulatory function: care creams for winter, as well as creams with a high degree of protection from sun rays.
Botox
No matter how much people talk about Botox, no matter how much ridicule there is around this procedure, it still remains quite popular and in demand. Today, the protocols for the procedure have changed significantly, the techniques and preparations have been improved, so the risk of getting a “stony” face is minimal. But getting rid of deep skin wrinkles and smoothing the skin, refreshing your face is as easy as shelling pears!
The essence of the procedure is that the cosmetologist injects microdoses of botulinum toxin type A into certain areas of the face. This drug neutralizes muscle movement, leads to their relaxation and, as a result, to the reduction of wrinkles.
The technique is painless, does not cause serious injury to the skin, has no rehabilitation period and is suitable for most women. The result lasts up to 6-8 months, and there is no addiction to the drug, so sessions can be repeated as needed.
Massage
One of the most traditional, but no less effective options for skin rejuvenation is massage. Some doubt its results, but they exist and, believe me, they are very impressive. The fact is that, through certain sequences of movements, the massage therapist forces the facial muscles to work, toning them. Following the strengthening of the muscle frame, the skin is also tightened. Among other things, massage helps solve a lot of related problems: improves complexion, removes toxins, reduces swelling of tissues, removes dark circles under the eyes. And this procedure itself is very pleasant and relaxing.
Mesothreads
When the methods described above do not help, or there are contraindications to their use, you can try another option - mesothreads. This procedure is low-traumatic, but gives a pronounced effect that is stable for several years.
The essence of the technique is to install special polyester threads made from biodegradable (self-absorbable) material under the skin. The threads have a certain design: along their entire length, at a distance from each other, they have small notches. Thus, when mesothreads are inserted under the skin, it is, as it were, strung on them and tightened.
For the first few months, the threads play the role of a frame that supports the skin and thereby provides a pronounced lifting effect. When the threads dissolve, connective tissue remains in their place - this is a natural framework. It should be remembered that the procedure is performed under anesthesia, it has a certain recovery period and some contraindications, so the decision to install mesothreads should be made only by a competent cosmetologist with the appropriate qualifications.
Types of cosmetology
The division of cosmetology services into those that serve to eliminate defects and those that ensure the maintenance of natural beauty was made by a doctor from the Roman Empire, Galen. And already in our time the population has the opportunity to use such types of cosmetology as:
- Therapeutic cosmetology , which allows you to achieve a slowdown in the aging process and a rejuvenating effect through special effects on the skin. For example, the following methods will help achieve the desired results in the fight against defects: hardware cosmetology, ultrasound, laser techniques, various methods of cleaning, injections. Using different types of peeling, masks, mesotherapy, photorejuvenation, etc., it is possible to cope with wrinkles, skin formations, age spots, dilated blood vessels, stretch marks, cellulite, excessive fat deposits, etc.
- Surgical cosmetology involves surgical intervention to improve appearance. In this regard, it is worth mentioning correction of the nose, ears, changing the size and shape of the breast, liposuction, and facelift. Moreover, with an emphasis on new technologies (laser scalpel, optical endoscope, etc.), the traumatism of operations is reduced to a minimum.
- Aesthetic cosmetology is built on such foundations as massage and body cleansing; moisturizing and nourishing the skin; eyelash and nail extensions; Permanent makeup; baths with a healing and restorative effect; epilation; wrap; hair care.
Regardless of the nature of cosmetic procedures, the main requirements are sterility, non-invasiveness, hypoallergenicity and attention to age restrictions.
Reviews about non-surgical rejuvenation
Reviews regarding laser rejuvenation and ELOS technology are quite different.
Half of the clients really liked it, and the other half not so much; they say that nothing has changed, and on the contrary, it has become worse, traces from the laser have appeared. In fact, it all depends on the professionalism of the specialist to whom melon people turned - it is this person who should choose the appropriate lifting for your skin, and not you, and also explain why exactly the option that he prescribed was chosen. We also recommend asking a specialist what equipment he will use to carry out everything, its cost and characteristics.
Botox injections are a pretty good option that is in demand, because it’s no secret that over such a large number of years, Botox has proven itself excellently.
This also applies to thread lifting, which, unfortunately, is not suitable for everyone. If women have sagging skin, and
At this point they had a lift using thread technology, after the procedure they complain that they have an unnatural appearance of their face, and they celebrate the implanted material. If the face is already old, then you should not do such procedures, you need to understand this and take the necessary measures - endoscopic lifting is the best thing, at least you will know the exact result, rather than pay, and only then you will see that everything has become much worse.
If you delve into reading the forums, or rather the reviews on them, then basically a large number of women believe that the best option for facial rejuvenation is homemade masks, massages, peelings, regular visits to a cosmetologist and a naturally healthy lifestyle . If you start strict care of your facial skin in time, then it will not change very soon, and you will be several years younger and the same number of steps ahead of old age.
Cost in Moscow
Facial skin rejuvenation procedures and operations in Moscow cost differently everywhere; this depends not only on existing technologies, but also on the popularity of the clinic, the cost of the products and equipment it uses. WE will provide you with the most popular types of lifting:
- Mesotherapy – from 3 to 7.5 thousand rubles;
- Photorejuvenation – from 6 to 11 thousand rubles;
- Botox – from 6 to 18 thousand rubles;
- Biorevitalization – from 6 to 21.5 thousand rubles;
- Laser rejuvenation – from 10 to 125 thousand rubles. (depending on the technology of laser influence and the number of procedures);
- Thread lift – from 38.5 to 49.5 thousand rubles;
- Endoscopic rejuvenation – from 80 to 200 thousand rubles;
- Ultrasonic lifting – 125 thousand rubles.
All prices are approximate, which we took from the price lists of some of the most popular salons and clinics in Moscow. We considered options for a circular lift, so correction of individual areas of the face will cost less.
Facial rejuvenation can be done in various ways, and each of them will be praised by specialists as well as their clients, but we recommend that you do all this yourself and do not trust anyone. You can trust specialists, but only at a certain point. The most serious thing for you should be hardware facial rejuvenation, after which the current endoscopic lifting will no longer be relevant for you.
