Anatomy of the upper breast
Speaking about the anatomy of the breast, first of all, it is necessary to mention the nipple. It is at the forefront of the mammary gland's milk production system. This is what the baby looks for immediately after birth. The nipple is very sensitive to touch and temperature changes. Often nipples become the object of increased male attention. And how, I wonder, do the nipple and areola interact? We invite you to get acquainted with the anatomical structure and work of the main elements of the mammary gland.
Milky ducts
The milk ducts are tiny tubes that carry milk from the mammary glands (lobules) to the tip of the nipple. The ducts are lined with myoepithelial cells. A disease such as mastitis is characterized by blockage of the milk ducts. Most types of breast cancer begin to develop in the milk ducts. Ductal carcinoma in situ (a form of breast cancer from the ductal epithelium without invasion into adjacent tissues and metastasis) and infiltrative ductal carcinoma develop specifically in the milk ducts. A method for examining fluid from the mammary gland or ductal cells can be a ductogram or a HALO test (DNA fragmentation test).
Breast milk flows from openings on the surface of the nipple called milk pores. There are usually 2 to 3 pores in the center of the nipple and another 3 to 5 pores located around it. The pores have tiny sphincters (valves) designed to prevent milk from leaking when a woman is not breastfeeding. The ducts located just below the areola dilate before they enter the nipple. These wide, sac-like sections are called ampoules or lacteal sinuses.
Nipple and areola surgery: before and after photos
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Areola
The area of the breast surrounding the nipple, called the areola, is darker against the skin of the breast. The small bumps on the surface of the areola may be either Montgomery glands or hair follicles. The areola can be large or small, round or oval.
During pregnancy, the areola may increase in diameter. If you notice a change in the skin of the areola - pits, wrinkles or a rash - a woman should immediately consult a doctor. You shouldn’t be scared right away, because they may not be dangerous. But diagnosis is necessary: sometimes such changes can be symptoms of Paget's disease (also called eczema-like cancer). This breast cancer is rare and begins to develop in the nipple, appearing as a red, scaly rash.
Correction of the nipple-areolar complex
This operation is not difficult. It will not require much time, and the postoperative recovery process will be as easy and painless as possible. The correction lasts no more than 1 hour and can be performed in combination with other mammoplasty procedures. The type of anesthesia depends on the duration of the surgical procedure.
Modern techniques used by specialists at the TerraSomnia clinic allow for correction of the nipple-areolar complex in Saratov of the most popular and sought-after types. The choice of each of them depends on the existing problem and the result that needs to be achieved.
Correction of inverted nipple
This operation is performed both for aesthetic purposes and to enable breastfeeding. During this correction, sunken nipples are corrected, releasing the milk ducts, which, in fact, caused such deformation.
To preserve lactation function, it is necessary to use the possibilities of microsurgery. The plastic surgeon makes a small incision (up to 1 cm) and corrects the defect. After the rehabilitation period, the scar will be almost invisible.
Nipple reduction
After breastfeeding, women often experience enlarged nipples, which can cause them some psychological discomfort. This procedure will return the nipples to their previous appearance using the wedge excision method. But one should take into account the fact that lactation functions can be lost completely and irrevocably. Therefore, if another pregnancy is planned in the future, such surgical intervention should be abandoned.
Reduction of the pigmented area
It is generally accepted that the correct diameter of the areola around the nipple is approximately 40 mm. When it increases, a procedure is used to reduce this area. In addition, this technique allows you to correct any visual inconsistencies and disproportions.
Reconstruction of nipples and areolas
After removal of breast tumors or other injuries, modern plastic surgery allows you to restore the nipple and areola. To do this, the necessary skin is transplanted from the patient's perineum, since the pigmentation processes of these zones are identical. If only one breast needs to be reconstructed, the areola of the other, healthy breast is used.
Visual and indisputable proof of the effectiveness of different types of correction of the nipple-areolar complex are photographs showing our patients before and after the procedure.
